Wednesday, February 22, 2012

The Messiah and the Covenants of Israel (Continued)


A Proper Appreciation of the Law would lead to an appreciation of the Messiah



So, in the letter to the Galatians he spelt out the purpose of the Law. It was a schoolmaster to lead the Jewish people to their Messiah.If the Jewish people had accepted their Messiah, they would have had a graduation ceremony. Then, no longer under the tutorship of the Law, they could have enjoyed all the privileges and responsibilities of sons of God, as Paul indicated: But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons”. (Gal. 4:4,5) They would have entered into that condition of grace that the Church now enjoys, for we “are not under law but under grace”. (Rom. 6:14) Alas, the leadership of the nation failed their finals. The Law had given the Sanhedrists power over the people and they did not want to relinquish it. Moreover they considered themselves patriotic Jews by defending not only the Mosaic Law but also the extrapolated laws of the teachers, now preserved for us in the Mishnah. They even accused the Messiah of breaking the law, He who had come to fulfill the Law and redeem them from the Law. But God is very gracious. Although nationally, because of the failure of their ruling body, the Jews did not pass their exams, the grace of God made it possible for individuals to graduate. Peter exhorted all who heard him to separate themselves from the national decision taken by the Sanhedrin. Then they could be saved. Saul, the Pharisee, (in some ways a special case) graduated in the school of the Messiah. Moreover, he gave private tutorials and led others to faith in Yeshua HaMashiac (Jesus the Messiah). Believers said of him, he is preaching the “faith which he once tried to destroy.” (Gal. 1:23) So Rabbi Saul, champion of Law and works, as he testified: And I advanced in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries in my own nation, being more exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers”, (Gal. 1:14) became the Apostle Paul, champion of grace and faith: “For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God”. (Eph 2:8)

Furthermore, in his letter to the Galatians he urged the readers to “Stand fast therefore in the liberty by which Christ has made us free, and do not be entangled again with a yoke of bondage”. (Gal. 5:1) To paraphrase his argument - now that you have been saved by grace, do not think that you remain a child of God by works. That path makes the cross of Christ of no effect. By the time we come to his letter to the Colossians, his theology of the crucified Messiah is more mature.  There he declared that the Messiah dealt a fatal blow to the Law: “Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way” (Col.2.14). So, for those who have put their faith in a crucified Messiah, the curse of the Law is negated by the action of the cross.

Anne Ross Cousin wrote

Death and the curse were in our cup,

O Christ, ‘twas full for Thee!

But Thou hast drained the last dark drop,

‘Tis empty now for me.

The bitter cup, love drank it up;

Now blessings’ draught for me.

To Summarise

The Law was given:

         to provide an ethical, moral and social structure to Israel as a nation.

                  to emphasize the righteousness of God and the sinfulness of man.

to demonstrate the grace and mercy of God (through the sacrificial system);

to lead them to recognize the grace and mercy of God when the Son of God came as their Redeemer and sin bearer.
 
However, the Law is now no longer the pattern for righteous living. For that we need to look to the Messiah, who not only fulfilled the Law but also died to remove the curse of the Law.


Tuesday, February 14, 2012

The Messiah and the Covenants of Israel (Continued)


By the Law comes the Curse


So the Law was brought in so that the curse could be pronounced on the Law breaker. In God’s grace, under Law, He provided the sacrifices and priesthood to deal with any infractions committed. Nevertheless, “For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse; for it is written, ‘Cursed  is everyone who does not continue in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them.’” (Gal. 3:10) The curse of the Law is more clearly defined in Deuteronomy 28, but see also Leviticus 26. “But it shall come to pass, if you do not obey the voice of the Lord your God, to observe carefully all His commandments and His statutes which I command you today, that all these curses will come upon you and overtake you”.

 “Cursed shall you be in the city, and cursed shall you be in the country.

“Cursed shall be your basket and your kneading bowl.

“Cursed shall be the fruit of your body and the produce of your land, the increase of your cattle and the offspring of your flocks.

“Cursed shall you be when you come in, and cursed shall you be when you go out”. (Deut. 28:15-19)
 
From the application of these passages arose the practice of giving up habitual offenders to a ‘cherem’ or curse. The Jews expressed it as giving them up to Satan. These obdurate law-breakers would lose the protection that God provided for His people. They would, like Job, be exposed to the activity of Satan, and could suffer a similar fate to Job. An offender who resisted correction and exhausted all remedy contained in the Law would become ‘a curse among his people’.  Jesus was brought face to face with some such individuals: a paralytic:[1] a woman who washed His feet with her tears. (she is described as a sinner).[2] To both of these Jesus said, “your sins are forgiven you”. The paralytic was also healed. A similar case to the paralytic was the disabled woman who was bent over, and could not stand up straight. The cause of this infirmity was identified by the Messiah: “… ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan has bound for eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the Sabbath?” (Luke 13.16) In forgiving their sins, healing their bodies and delivering them from Satan, Jesus was clearly anticipating the full benefit of His sacrificial death. This multi-layered act of redemption can only be explained by the fact that, among other things, they were delivered from the curse of the law.
 
But what happened at Calvary to make this sophisticated act of redemption possible? How were they, and indeed us, delivered from the curse of the Law? The answer is - by the act of substitution. Christ was pronounced ‘cherem’ instead of us. Paul writes, “Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”), (Gal. 3:13)



The Crucified Christ deals with the curse of the Law



Here then, is one reason, why the death of the Messiah had to be by crucifixion. A ‘cursed’ Messiah, might be despised by the Jewish people, but nevertheless was absolutely necessary for them. The Jewish people were under the ‘curse of the Law’ because they could not keep it. R. Levi said if they could only keep the Sabbath fully for one day, then Messiah would come.[3] But they could not perfectly keep the Law, even for only one day. The wider application of the curse also applies.  The argument is, that if the Jews could not keep it, and they had every advantage, there is no way the Gentiles could have escaped the curse. “Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.” (Rom. 3:19) Paul was very clear. He said that returning to the Mosaic covenant only led to bondage, the curse and death. “For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse; for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them.”  (Gal. 3:10 cf. Deut.27.26) No-one is justified by the Law,[4] for ‘there is none righteous, no not one’. (Rom.3.10)

More Next Time



[1] Recorded in Matt.9; Mark 2; and Luke 5
[2] John 7.37 ff
[3] Midrash Rabbah on Ps.95.7
[4] Gal.2.16